3.8 & 3.10 Notes
Vocab
- lists: a sequence of variables
- Index: a term used to sort data in order to reference to an element in a list (allows for duplicates)
- Elements: the values in the list assigned to an index
- Iteration: the repetition of a process or utterance applied to the result or taken from a previous statement.
- Loop: allow you to take the iterators and make them useful
- Iterable vs. iteration: When an object is iterable it can be used in an iteration; When passed through the function iter() it returns an iterator
- 2D array: a list of lists
fruits = ["apple", "grape", "strawberry"]
print (fruits)
const fruits = ["apple", "grape", "strawberry"];
fruits ← [apple, grape, strawberry]
brands = ["nike", "adidas", "underarmour"] #string
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] #integer
truefalse = [True, False, True] #boolean
4 Data Collection Types in Python
- List: collection that is changeable, ordered, allows duplicates, used to store multiple items into one variable
- Tuple: collection that is ordered, unchangeable, allows duplicates
- Set: collection that is unordered, unchangeable, doesn't allow duplicates
- Dictionary: collection that is ordered, changeable, doesn't allow duplicates
fruits = ["apple", "grape", "strawberry"]
index = 1
print (fruits[index]) # should print grape; index starts from 0
Methods in Lists
| Method | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| append() |
|
fruits.append("watermelon") |
| index() | returns the index of the first element with the specified value | fruits.index("apple") |
| insert() | adds element at given position | fruits.insert(1, "watermelon") |
| remove() | removes the first item with the specified value | fruits.remove("strawberry") |
| reverse() | reverses the list order | fruits.reverse() |
| sort() | sorts the list | fruits.sort() |
| count() | returns the amount of elements with the specified value | fruits.count("apple") |
| copy() | returns a copy of the list | fruits.copy() |
| clear() | removes the elements from the list | fruits.clear() |
sports = ["football", "soccer", "baseball", "basketball"]
# change the value "soccer" to "hockey"
sports.insert(1, "hockey") # first, insert hockey as the first element in the list
sports.remove("soccer") # then, take out soccer
print (sports)
sports = ["football", "soccer", "baseball", "basketball"]
# add "golf" as the 3rd element in the list
sports.insert(3, "golf") # use the sports.insert command and indicate what index value (3) we want to add golf at
print (sports)
print("alpha")
print("bravo")
print("charlie")
print("delta")
print("echo")
print("foxtrot")
print("golf")
print("hotel")
print("india")
print("juliett")
print("kilo")
print("lima")
print("mike")
print("november")
print("oscar")
print("papa")
print("quebec")
print("romeo")
print("sierra")
print("tango")
print("uniform")
print("victor")
print("whiskey")
print("x-ray")
print("yankee")
print("zulu")
#please help me
Coding all of these individually takes a lot of unnecessary time, how can we shorten this time?
Iteration
- Iteration is the repetition of a process or utterance applied to the result or taken from a previous statement.
Types of Iteration
- for loop
- for loop and range ()
- while loop
- comprehension
Iterable Objects
Iterable objects are objects that can be iterated. They are the 'containers' that store the data to be iterated
- lists
- tuples
- dictionaries
- sets
use
iter()command to iterate these containers
for variable in iterable:
statement()
# iter() is used to iterate manually, one at a time
a = ['alpha', 'bravo', 'charlie']
itr = iter(a)
print(next(itr))
print(next(itr))
print(next(itr))
list = ["Alpha", "Bravo", "Charlie", "Delta", "Echo", "Foxtrot", "Golf", "Hotel", "India", "Juliett", "Kilo", "Lima", "Mike", "November", "Oscar", "Papa", "Quebec", "Romeo", "Sierra", "Tango", "Uniform", "Victor", "Whiskey", "X-ray", "Yankee", "Zulu"]
# using a for loop
for i in list:
#for item in the list, print the item
print(i)
list = ["Alpha", "Bravo", "Charlie", "Delta", "Echo", "Foxtrot", "Golf", "Hotel", "India", "Juliett", "Kilo", "Lima", "Mike", "November", "Oscar", "Papa", "Quebec", "Romeo", "Sierra", "Tango", "Uniform", "Victor", "Whiskey", "X-ray", "Yankee", "Zulu"]
# Taking the length of the list
lengthList = len(list)
# Iteration using the amount of items in the list
for i in range(lengthList):
print(list[i])
list = ["Alpha", "Bravo", "Charlie", "Delta", "Echo", "Foxtrot", "Golf", "Hotel", "India", "Juliett", "Kilo", "Lima", "Mike", "November", "Oscar", "Papa", "Quebec", "Romeo", "Sierra", "Tango", "Uniform", "Victor", "Whiskey", "X-ray", "Yankee", "Zulu"]
# Once again, taking the length of the list
lengthList = len(list)
# Setting the variable we are going to use as 0
i=0
# Iteration using the while loop
# Argument saying WHILE a certain variable is a certain condition, the code should run
while i < lengthList:
print(list[i])
i += 1
x = range(5)
for n in x:
print(n)
keypad = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9], [" ", 0, " "]]
Conventially 2D arrays are written like below. This is because 2D arrays are meant to be read in 2 dimensions (hence the name). Writing them like below makes them easier to visualize and understand.
keypad = [[1, 2, 3], # i represents the row
[4, 5, 6], # j represents the columns
[7, 8, 9],
[" ", 0, " "]]
def print_matrix1(matrix):
for i in range(len(matrix)): # outer for loop. This runs on i which represents the row. range(len(matrix)) is in order to iterate through the length of the matrix
for j in range(len(matrix[i])): # inner for loop. This runs on the length of the i'th row in the matrix (j changes for each row with a different length)
print(matrix[i][j], end=" ") # [i][j] is the 2D location of that value in the matrix, kinda like a coordinate pair. [i] iterates to the specific row and [j] iterates to the specific value in the row. end=" " changes the end value to space, not a new line.
print() # prints extra line. this is in the outer loop, not the inner loop, because it only wants to print a new line for each row
print("Raw matrix (list of lists): ")
print(keypad)
print("Matrix printed using nested for loop iteration:")
print_matrix1(keypad)
print()
def print_matrix2(matrix):
for row in matrix: # Iterates through each "row" of matrix. Row is a dummy variable, it could technically be anything. It iterates through each value of matrix and each value is it's own list. in this syntax the list is stored in "row".
for col in row: # Iterates through each value in row. Again col, column, is a dummy variable. Each value in row is stored in col.
print(col, end=" ") # Same as 1
print() # Same as 1
print_matrix2(keypad)
fruit = ["apples", "bananas", "grapes"]
print(fruit)
print(*fruit) # Python built in function: "*". Figure out what it does
def print_matrix3(matrix):
code = "your code goes here"
Alternatively, find a way to print the matrix using the iter() function you already learned. Or use both!
def print_matrix4(matrix):
code = "your code goes here"
Challenge
Change all of the letters that you DIDN'T print above to spaces, " ", and then print the full keyboard. (the things you did print should remain in the same spot)
Alternative Challenge: If you would prefer, animate it using some form of delay so it flashes one of your letters at a time on the board in order and repeats. (this one may be slightly more intuitive)
DO NOT HARD CODE THIS. Don't make it harder on yourself, iterate through, make it abstract so it can be used dynamically. You should be able to input any string and your code should work.
If you get stuck you can just make a picture with an array and print it (I will grade based on how good it looks)
I do expect an attempt so write some code to show you tried the challenge.